Table 1.

Relative risks (RR) of respiratory mortality, with 95 % confidence intervals for an increase of 10 ppb of BS over the previous 27 years

Without deprivation		With deprivation
Method 1: observed exposures only
RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI
1.037	1.025–1.050	1.038	1.023–1.049
Method 2: predictions
RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI
1.022	1.014–1.030	1.021	1.013–1.029
Method 3: observed data and predictions combined
RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI
1.011	1.004–1.018	1.010	1.003–1.017

Exposure values are obtained using three methods: (1) using observed data; (2) using predictions from a spatio–temporal model; (3) using observed data combined with predictions to fill in missing values. Risks are estimated with and without adjustment for deprivation. Results for methods 2 and 3 are from multiple imputation using 100 datasets (see text for details)