Table 1.

Compounds and their effects on Th17 and T-regulatory (Treg) cells.

Compounds name	Functions	Effect on Th17 and Treg cells	Reference
Kifunensine	Blocking branching of GlcNAc and promoting the endocytosis of IL2Rα in Th17 cells	Promoting Th17 differentiation	(54)
(Aminooxy)acetic acid	An Inhibitor the of Got1; blocking the generation and accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate in cells; reducing the hypermethylation in the Forkhead box P3 gene locus	Skewing Th17 differentiate to Treg	(55)
N-acetylcysteine	A specific inhibitor for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species	Inhibiting Th17 differentiation	(70)
Soraphen A	A specific inhibitor of acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1; decreasing the level of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and glycolysis in Th17	Inhibiting Th17 differentiation; Attenuating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in animal model	(45)
C75	An inhibitor of FAS	Inhibiting Th17 differentiation	(74)
Rapamycin	An inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin; decreasing glucose uptaking and expression of HIF1α	Inhibiting Th17 differentiation; Attenuating EAE in animal model	(81–83)
Metformin	Agonists of AMP-activated protein kinase; decreasing aerobic glycolysis and increasing fatty acid oxidation	Decreasing the ratio of Th17:Treg in both colitis and asthma models	(77, 89, 93, 94)
FICZ	Endogenous ligands of AhR; increasing glycolysis; upregulating the expression of HIF1α	Promoting Th17 differentiation in vitro	(100)
CH-223191	An antagonist of AhR	Inhibiting Th17 differentiation in vitro	(101)
GSK2033	An inhibitor of LXR	Enhancing the differentiation and proliferation of Th17; attenuating EAE in animal model	(106, 108)