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. 2017 Dec 2;17:236. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 9 — Time calibrated simplified phylogeny of maniraptoran theropods, indicating place of origin of the different clades. The relationships and stratigraphic and geographic distribution of maniraptorans indicate a rapid radiation in the late Middle to earliest Late Jurassic in eastern Asia. Node labels and abbreviations: 1, Coelurosauria; 2, Maniraptoriformes; 3, Maniraptora; 4, Pennaraptora; 5, Paraves; 6, Avialae; BAJ, Bajocian; BAT, Bathonian; BER, Berriasian; CAL, Callovian; KIM, Kimmeridgian; OXF, Oxfordian; TIT, Tithonian. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of 2 outgroups and 130 coelurosaurian ingroup taxa and 561 characters and the results of a S-DIVA analysis