Table 1.
Demographic, clinical characteristics, clinical care and outcomes of patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury with and without systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on admission.
| Without SIRS* (n = 25) |
With SIRS* (n = 7) |
Total* (n = 32) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (years) | 37.7 (13.5) | 32.1 (12.7) | 36.9 (13.3) |
| Male | 22 (88%) | 5 (71%) | 27 (84%) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Mechanism of injury | |||
| Fall | 8 (32%) | 2 (29%) | 10 (31%) |
| Motor vehicle crash | 5 (20%) | 5 (71%) | 10 (31%) |
| Vehicle versus pedestrian | 5 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (16%) |
| Assault | 3 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (9%) |
| Gunshot | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) |
| Other | 3 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (9%) |
| Initial CT findings | |||
| Subdural hemorrhage | 21 (84%) | 3 (43%) | 24 (75%) |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 19 (76%) | 4 (57%) | 23 (72%) |
| Intraparenchymal hemorrhage and cerebral contusion | 13 (52%) | 2 (29%) | 15 (47%) |
| Epidural hemorrhage | 4 (16%) | 1 (14%) | 5 (16%) |
| Associated injury | |||
| Chest | 8 (32%) | 3 (43%) | 11 (34%) |
| Abdomen | 2 (8%) | 2 (29%) | 4 (13%) |
| Pelvis | 3 (12%) | 2 (29%) | 5 (16%) |
| Extremities | 10 (40%) | 6 (86%) | 16 (50%) |
| Spine | 8 (32%) | 2 (29%) | 10 (31%) |
| Positive serum alcohol | 11 (44%) | 4 (57%) | 15 (47%) |
| Severe TBI (Admission GCS ≤ 8) | 21 (84%) | 7 (100%) | 28 (88%) |
| Admission GCS** | 5 (3–7) | 3 (3–7) | 4 (3–7) |
| Admission systolic blood pressure (SBP) | 135 (24) | 122 (21) | 132 (24) |
| Admission heart rate | 80 (17) | 111 (32) | 87 (24) |
| Admission hematocrit (%) | 38.3 (4.8) | 36.6 (7.2) | 37.9 (5.3) |
| Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg) in first 24 hours | 7 (28%) | 4 (57%) | 11 (34%) |
| Hypertension (SBP > 140 mmHg) in first 24 hours | 19 (76%) | 6 (86%) | 25 (78%) |
| Clinical care | |||
| Vasopressor use in first 24 hours | 5 (20%) | 1 (14%) | 6 (19%) |
| ICP monitoring | 13 (52%) | 3 (43%) | 16 (50%) |
| Need for intracranial surgery | 9 (36%) | 3 (43%) | 12 (38%) |
| Any positive bacterial culture within the first 3 days | 1 (4%)a | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) |
| Outcomes | |||
| ICU length of stay (days) | 12 (12) | 9 (10) | 11 (11) |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 28 (19) | 13 (11) | 25 (19) |
| Death | 2 (8%) | 2 (29%) | 4 (13%) |
*
Data are presented as mean (SD) for continuous data or number (%) for categorical data.
**
Data are presented as median and interquartile range.
a
Positive culture from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on day 3