Table 1.

Cohort of ICU diabetics: main characteristics at ICU admission, during ICU stay and ICU/hospital outcome

	ICU diabetics	No metformin	Metformin
N	635	395 (62.2)	240 (37.8)
Age (y)	71 [61–79]	73 [62.5–80]	68 [60–78]*
Men	408 (64.3)	255 (64.6)	153 (63.8)
SAPS II	39 [31-52]	40 [32-52]	38 [29-51]
Usual metformin contraindication	387 (60.9)	268 (67.9)	119 (49.6)*
Chronic respiratory insufficiency	190 (29.9)	132 (33.4)	58 (24.2)*
Chronic cardiac insufficiency	138 (21.7)	92 (23.3)	46 (19.2)
Chronic liver disease	75 (11.8)	49 (12.4)	26 (10.8)
Chronic kidney failure	144 (22.7)	128 (32.4)	16 (6.7)*
Recent myocardial infarction	8 (1.3)	5 (1.3)	3 (1.3)
pH	7.36 [7.28–7.42]	7.36 [7.29–7.43]	7.36 [7.27–7.42]
PaCO2 (mmHg)	36 [29–43]	37 [30–44]	36 [28–43]
HCO3 (mmHg)	21.3 [17–25.2]	21.9 [17.5–26]	20.4 [15.3–24]*
Lactate (mmol/L)	1.4 [0.9–2.4]	1.2 [0.8–2.1]	1.8 [1.1–3.9]*
INR	1.25 [1.06–1.71]	1.26 [1.06–1.65]	1.24 [1.07–1.77]
Bilirubin (µmol/L)	10 [7–16]	10 [7–16]	10 [7–16]
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	34 [8–115]	35 [8–115]	32 [8–115]
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	11.2 [9.6–13]	11.1 [9.6–12.7]	11.7 [9.7–13.4]
Leucocytes (G/L)	11.2 [8.1–15.3]	10.8 [7.5–14.6]	11.7 [8.4–16.3]
Platelets (G/L)	213 [155–277]	207 [155–271]	219 [157–293]
Creatinine (µmol/L)	131 [85–238]	153 [90–285]	108 [80–174]*
Acute kidney injury	392 (61.7)	268 (67.8)	124 (51.7)*
Renal replacement therapy	113 (17.8)	72 (18.2)	41 (17.1)
Vasopressors	229 (36.1)	136 (34.4)	93 (38.8)
Invasive ventilation	230 (36.2)	139 (35.2)	91 (37.9)
ICU length of stay (d)	6 [3–10]	6 [3.5–10]	6 [3–9]
ICU death	117 (18.4)	75 (19)	42 (17.5)
Hospital length of stay (d)	12 [6–23]	12 [6–23]	13 [7–23]
Hospital death	140 (22)	92 (23.3)	48 (20)

Values are n (%) or median [IQR 25th–75th]

* p < 0.05 between metformin and no metformin