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. 2017 Nov 28;8:1674. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01674

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of UC. The picture describes the changes in the major intestinal microbiota in the UC and its influence on gastrointestinal. This illustration contains 11 types of intestinal microbiota and their changes mentioned in this review. The mechanisms underlying the effects of certain microbiota on the gastrointestinal are described. It includes microbiota acting on DC cells by secreting substances such as PSA, butyrate and SCFAs. Then, DC cells further act on CD4+ T cells or regulatory T (Treg) cells to inhibit inflammation. There are also mechanisms by which AIEC destroys the gut barrier and further induces inflammation. The first four species of microbiota are painted in dark red, representing harmful microbiota. The other seven species of microbiota are painted in other colors, representing healthy microbiota. UC, ulcerative colitis; DC, dendritic cell; PSA, polysaccharide A; SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; AIEC, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli.