Table 1.
Summary of reports of surgical treatment for degenerative lumbar disease using pedicle screws augmented with PMMA
| Author | Year of publication | Number of patients/ Mean age | Mean follow-up months | Diagnosis | Augmentation technique | Cement leakage rate | Complications | Reinterventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singh et al. | 2005 | 9/76.1 years | 11.2 months | Osteoporotic fracture and sponylolisthesis 9 | Through biopsy needle | 22.2% | 1 Screw migration 1 Nonunion fracture 4 AVCFx |
1 cement extravasation removed- laminectomy |
| Frankel et al. | 2007 | 23/ | 21 months | Osteoporotic fracture 8 Sponylolisthesis 5 Spinal malignancy 6 Revision surgery 4 | Through biopsy needle | 39.1% | 1 asymptomatic PMMA pulmonary embolus 2 Superficial wound infection |
None |
| Chang et al. | 2008 | 41/75.1 years | 22.3 months | Osteoporotic fracture 32 Spinal stenosis 5 Spinal malignancy 4 | Through biopsy needle | 26.2% | 1 Stroke 6th day postop. 2 Deep wound infection 1 AVCFx |
None |
| Kim et al. | 2008 | 20/60.5 years | 15 months | Osteoporotic fracture 20 | Through biopsy needle | None | None | 1 Seroma. Debridement and secondary suture |
| Aydogan et al. | 2009 | 36/66 years | 37 months | Osteoporotic fracture 6 Spinal stenosis 26 Sponylolisthesis 3 Spinal malignancy 1 | Through biopsy needle | None | 4 Superficial wound infection | None |
| Moon et al. | 2009 | 37/68.7 years | 33.3 months | Degenerat. spondylolisthesis 6 Spondylolit. spondylolisthesis 5 Spondylotic stenosis 26 | Fenestrated pedicle screws | 5.4% | 1 Pedicle screw loosening | 2 Dural tear repair |
| Hu et al. | 2011 | Group A: 25/73 years Group B: 23/74.6 years | Group A: 16.5 m Group B: 15.9 m | Osteoporotic fracture 31 Sponylolisthesis + stenosis 11 Spinal malignancy 6 | Group A: TBN Group B: FPS | Group A: 18.3% Group B: 13.6% | Group B: 1 post-operative sciatica | None |
| Amendola et al. | 2011 | 21/67.2 years | 36.4 months | Osteoporotic fracture 4 Degenerative disease 2 Spinal malignancy 10 Revision surgery 5 | Fenestrated pedicle screws | 23.8% | 1 nerve root palsy 2 Superficial wound infection 1 DVT 7th day postop. 1 Cauda equina syndrom |
1 PVCF |
| Xie et al. | 2011 | 14/63.14 years | 45.6 months | Degenerative scoliosis | Through biopsy needle | 14.3% | 1 Pneumonia | None |
| Piñera et al. | 2011 | 23/77 years | 32 months | Spinal stenosis 11 Degenerat. sponylolisthesis 12 | Fenestrated pedicle screws | 29.3% | 2 Bronchospasm 4 Adjacent disc degeneration 2 Urinary infection |
3 Debridement for delayed deep wound infection |
| Sawakami et al. | 2012 | 17/73.8 years | 33.6 months | Vertebral pseudarthrosis 17 | Pedicle screws covered with 1.0 mL PMMA | None | 2 Superficial wound infection 5 AVCFx |
2 Fusion extension |
| Zapatowicz et al. | 2012 | 17/69 years | 14.9 months | Osteoporotic fracture 11 Spondylodiscitis 1 Degenerat. sponylolisthesis 4 Spinal malignancy 1 | Through biopsy needle | 45% | 1 Pneumothorax 1 Intraoperative pedicle fracture |
1 Delayed spondylodiscitis reinfection. Removal of loose screws |
| Lubansu et al. | 2012 | 15/71.2 years | 13.3 months | Osteoporotic fracture 4 Degenerat. spondylolisthesis 5 Spinal/foraminal stenosis 6 | Percutaneous fenestrated pedicle screws | 30% | 1 Transient radiculitis due to screw misplacement 1 Superficial wound infection |
None |
TBN:Through biopsy needle; FPS:Fenestrated pedicle screws; AVCFx:Adjacent vertebral compression fracture; DVT:Deep venous thrombosis;