Figure 5.

(A) Participants viewed pairs of scenes (presented simultaneously for the patient study shown in [B] and sequentially for the fMRI study shown in [C]) and reported their confidence that the two scenes were the same or different using a 1–6 scale. (B) Analysis of receiver-operating characteristics (ROCs) of patients with medial temporal lobe damage and healthy controls indicated that patients were selectively impaired on assessing the overall relational match of scenes (“strength-based perception”, measured by the curvature of the ROC) and were spared on perceptual judgments related to identifying specific feature-level differences (“state-based perception”, measured by the upper x-intercept of ROC). Patients with selective hippocampal damage are depicted with filled shapes in the bar plot; patients with more extensive MTL lesions are depicted with open shapes. The same results hold if only selective hippocampal lesion patients are considered. (C) fMRI in healthy adults showed greater hippocampal activity on trials with different vs. same scene pairs, and hippocampal activity continuously scaled with the strength of strength-based perceptual judgments. * p < .05 ** p < .01. Figure adapted from [85].