Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the study.
| Variables | IPA (n = 57) | No IPA (n = 56) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, no (%) | |||
| ≤ 50 years | 9 (15.8) | 14 (25.0) | 0.25 |
| >50 years | 48 (84.2) | 42 (75.0) | |
| Gender, no (%) | |||
| Female | 26 (45.6) | 24 (42.9) | 0.85 |
| Male | 31 (54.4) | 32 (57.1) | |
| Underlying disease, no. (%) | |||
| SOT† | 12 (21.1) | 20 (35.7) | 0.13 |
| Allogeneic SCT | 10 (17.5) | 12 (21.4) | |
| Acute leukemia | 10 (17.5) | 10 (17.9) | |
| Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases | 10 (17.5) | 7 (12.5) | |
| Influenza A (H1N1) | 6 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Chronic lung diseases | 4 (7.0) | 1 (1.8) | |
| Solid tumors | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.8) | |
| Other | 3 (5.3) | 5 (8.9) | |
| Neutrophil counts, × 103 cells/μL (range) | 5.6 (0.0–24.8) | 5.2 (1.9–17.3) | 0.40 |
| GMI, mean (range) | 5 (1.0–6.9) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | <0.001 |
| Other pathogens detected in BAL fluid | |||
| Bacteria | 8 (14.0) | 8 (14.3) | 0.42 |
| Viruses | 22 (38.6) | 10 (17.9) | |
| Fungi‡ | 6 (10.5) | 3 (5.4) | |
SOT, solid organ transplantation; SCT, stem-cell transplantation; GMI, galactomannan index; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; P-values were calculated by Fisher's exact probability t-test or Student's t-test for continuous variables.
†
The study included 32 patients who received an SOT from lung (n = 27), kidney (n = 3), and liver (n = 2). Among those, 12 were diagnosed with IPA (lung, n = 8; kidney, n = 2; and liver, n = 2).
‡
Among fungi, Pneumocystis spp. was detected in five patients with IPA and three controls.