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. 2017 Nov 29;8:886. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00886

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Copyright © 2017 Li, Liu, Li, Li, Huang, Zhou, Zhang, Wang, Dong, Zhang, Yang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative Western blots (A) and quantitative comparison of protein levels for pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (B), TNF-α (C), and IL-6 (D) in the hippocampus in type 2 diabetic Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats and non-diabetic Wistar rats 7 days and 5 months after sevoflurane (SEV) or sham (control, CON) exposure. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were higher in GK + CON rats than those in Wistar + CON rats at both time points and were further increased in GK + SEV rats. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 6 for each group). ^∗P < 0.05 vs. respective Wistar rats at the same time point; ^†P < 0.05 vs. GK + CON rats at the same time point.