Table 2.

Communication technologies for smart homes.

Wireless Tech.	Frequency	Range	Data Rate	Power (mW)	Maximum Nodes	Network Topologies	Security
RFID	13.56 MHz 860–960 MHz	0–3 m	640 kbps	200	1 at a time	peer-to-peer (P2P) passive	N/A
Bluetooth	2.4–2.5 GHz	1–100 m	1–3 Mbps	2.5–100	1 M + 7 S	P2P, star	56–128 bit key
BLE	2.4–2.5 GHz	1–100 m	1 Mbps	10	1 M + 7 S	P2P, star	128-bit AES
HomePlug GP	1.8–30 MHz	~100 m	4–10 Mbps	500	-	P2P, star, tree and mesh	128-bit AES
EnOcean	902, 928, 868 MHz	30–300 m	125 kbps	~0.05 with energy harvesting	-	P2P, star, tree and mesh	128-bit AES
ZigBee	2.4–2.5 GHz	10–100 m	250 kbps	50	65,533	P2P, star, tree and mesh	128-bit AES
WiFi	2.4–2.5 GHz	150–200 m	54 Mbps	1000	255	P2P, star	WEP,WPA, WPA2
DASH7	315–915 MHz	200 m–2 km	167 kbps	<1	-	P2P, star, tree and mesh	128-bit AES
Insteon	RF: 869.85, 915, 921 MHz powerline: 131.65 KHz	40–50 m	38 kbps (RF) 2–13 kbps (powerline)	-	64,000 nodes per network	P2P, star, tree and mesh	256-bit AES
Sigfox	868/902 MHz	10–50 km	10–1000 bps	0.01–100	-	P2P, star	No default encryption
NFC	13.56 MHz	5 cm	424 kbps	15	1 at a time	P2P	AES
Wireless HART™	2.4 GHz	50–100 m		10	-	P2P, star, tree and mesh	128-bit AES
6LoWPAN	2.4 GHz	25–50 m	250 kbps	2.23	-	P2P, star, tree and mesh	128-bit AES
ANT	2.4–2.5 GHz	30 m	20–60 kbps	0.01–1	65,533 in one channel	P2P, star, tree and mesh	64-bit key
Z-Wave	860–960 MHz	100 m	9.6–100 kbps	100	232	mesh	128-bit AES

AES: Advanced Encryption Standard.