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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
In vivo surgical procedure used to produce rat calvarial defects. (A,B) In the middle of the cranium, an 8 mm-diameter defect was created with a trephine bur. (C) The defect site was treated with HA/β-TCP bone graft material, and then (D) covered with 100 or 300 kGy irradiated BCM.