AL	Alkali lignin
ATRP	Atom transfer radical polymerization
BHA	Butylated hydroxyanisole
Bio-PTT	Bio-poly(trimethylene terephthalate)
BZL	Benzazulene
CAP	Capecitabine
CAT	Cellulose triacetate
CFU	Colony-forming unit
CH	Chitosan
CNC	Cellulose nanocrystals
CNT	Carbon nanotube
DEAEMA	2-(diethyl-amino)ethyl methacrylate
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
g-PLA	Glycidyl methacrylate grafted polylactic acid
HeLa	Human cervical adenocarcinoma
KL	Kraft lignin
LNP	Lignin nanoparticles
LNT	Lignin nanotubes
NMP	Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization
OS	Organosolv lignin
PBS	Phosphate-buffered saline
PDAC	Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride
PEG	Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether
PLA	Polylactic acid
PLR	Picloram
PS	Polystyrene
PVA	Polyvinyl alcohol
RAFT	Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer
rFCDs	Reduced fluorescence carbon dots
RSA	Radical scavenging activity
RSV	Resveratrol
SFN	Sorafenib
SPF	Sun protection factor
SR101	Hydrophilic fluorescent dye sulforhodamine
SRSA	Superoxide radical scavenging activity
TDI	2,4-Toluene diisocyanate
WG	Wheat gluten