Table 2.
Mechanical properties of different neat polymers in comparison to their nanocomposites.
| Source | Polymer | Filler Composition and Concentration | Tensile Strength σ (MPa) | Young’s Modulus E (MPa) | Elongation at Break εb (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [19] | Wheat gluten | neat | 5.5 ± 0.8 | 180.5 ± 57.9 | 297 ± 11 |
| 3 wt % LNP | 13.3 ± 1.6 | 553.2 ± 56.3 | 28 ± 10 | ||
| [32] | PVA | neat | 45.7 ± 1.3 | 1140 ± 220 | 164 ± 15 |
| 3 wt % LNP | 51.4 ± 3.3 | 2100 ± 130 | 30.6 ± 8.5 | ||
| [17] | PLA | neat | 44.0 ± 4.6 | 2010 ± 210 | 15.0 |
| 3 wt % LNP | 41.1 ± 1.9 | 1390 ± 60 | 66.3 | ||
| 1 wt % LNP + 3 wt % CNC | 53.6 ± 6.9 | 2500 ± 170 | 7.3 | ||
| [31] | PLA/g-PLA | neat PLA | 44.4 ± 4.3 | 1950 ± 250 | 16.9 ± 4.0 |
| PLA + 1 wt % LNP | 48.6 ± 3.5 | 2150 ± 130 | 26.8 ± 4.8 | ||
| g-PLA+ 1 wt % LNP | 47.2 ± 3.1 | 1630 ± 110 | 108 ± 20 | ||
| PLA/g-PLA + 1 wt % LNP | 56.4 ± 3.3 | 2120 ± 140 | 20.4 ± 8.9 | ||
| [16] | PLA | neat | 44.3 ± 4.6 | 1960 ± 230 | 17.0 ± 3.8 |
| PLA + 1 wt % LNP | 48.6 ± 3.4 | 2150 ± 130 | 26.7 ± 4.8 | ||
| PLA + 3 wt % LNP | 40.9 ± 2.1 | 1380 ± 60 | 66.7 ± 4.0 | ||
| [41] | Natural rubber | neat | 25.24 ± 0.38 | 2.00 ± 0.03 2 | 654 ± 13 |
| 7 wt % LNP 1 | 29.24 ± 0.59 | 2.95 ± 0.10 2 | 658 ± 20 | ||
| [36] | bio-PTT | neat | 51.49 ± 0.5 | 2058 ± 37 | - |
| 1.5 wt % LNP | 59.16 ± 0.7 | 2227 ± 47 | - | ||
| 1.5 wt % LNP + 7 wt % carbon fibers | 61.74 ± 0.6 | 2309 ± 9 | - |
1 Based on the weight of lignin in the particles; 2 at 300% elongation not at break.