Table 4.
Oxygen and carbon composition determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and structure parameters obtained by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method for samples before and after carbonization at different temperatures. Adapted with permission from [103]. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society.
| Sample | Carbonization Temperature (°C) | O (%) | C (%) | BET Surface Area (m2/g) | Average Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Average Pore Width (Å) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pristine lignin | - | 27 | 73 | 5 | 0.017 | 16.5 |
| Porous LNP | - | 21.6 | 78.4 | 15 | 0.020 | 34.7 |
| Pristine lignin | 800 | 14.1 | 85.9 | 29 | 0.023 | 18.5 |
| Porous LNP | 600 | 17.2 | 82.8 | 202 | 0.123 | 14.7 |
| Porous LNP | 800 | 8 | 92 | 552 | 0.274 | 14.8 |