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Schematic depiction of the formation of Aβ fibrils: BACE1 cleaves APP (Aβ sequence numbers are shown only) in the extracellular domain and the resulting fragment remains membrane-bound where it is cleaved by the γ-secretase complex into Aβ peptides (only the main Aβ40 and Aβ42 isoforms are shown). Monomeric Aβ peptides then aggregate to form oligomers and eventually β-fibrils. The cellular prion protein PrPC can also bind to Aβ oligomers [78,119].
