Table 1.
Effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy in patients who suffered traumatic brain injury.
| Authors | Patients | Age | Type of Study | Duration | GH Dose (mg/day) | Clinical Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gardner, 2015 [82] | 161 | 42.6 | Clinical study | 1 year | 0.37 mg/day | GH therapy achieved clinically relevant, long-term benefit in quality of life |
| Moreau, 2013 [83] | 23 | 37.9 | Clinical trial | 1 year | 0.3 mg/day up to 0.6 mg/day | improve cognition and quality of life |
| Devesa, 2013 [90] | 13 | 6–53 | Follow-up | 8 months | 1 mg/day, 5 days/week, resting 15-days every 2-months | All patients improved during and at the end of treatment. Cognitive and motor improvements also swallowing. Visual performance ameliorated in amaurosis |
| Reimunde, 2011 [85] | 11 M (mean 44.5 months after injury) | 53.3 | Clinical trial | 3 months | 0.5 mg/day for 20 days, then 1 mg/day for 5 days/week | Significative improvement of cognitive parameter, total IQ, and WAIS scale |
| High, 2010 [86] | 23 | 39.1 | Randomized Controlled Trial | 1 year | 0.2 mg/day, increasing 0.2/month up to 0.6 mg/day | Significant improvements of the cognitive impairments that are partially reversible |
| Maric, 2010 [87] | 6 5 M 1 W |
38.6 | Follow-up | 6 months | 0.3 mg for males and 0.4 mg for female sc | Cognitive abilities, (particularly verbal and non-verbal memory) and psychiatric functioning were significantly improved |
| Kreitschmann-Andermahr, 2008 [88] | 854 (28 childhood) | 36.7 | Follow-Up | 1 year | 0.3 mg (starting dose) | Improvement of quality of life |
| Hatton, 2006 [89] | 49 GH/IGF-1 treated | 30 | Randomized double-blind study | 14 days | IGF-1/GH therapy IGF-1 continuous intravenous infusion (0.01 mg/kg/h), and GH (0.05 mg/kg/day) | IGF-I and GH produced sustained improvement in metabolic and nutritional endpoints |
1140 patients, mean age 41.0 ± 10.6; ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R). WAIS = Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale IQ = intelligence quotient.