| CDX2 | caudal type homeobox 2 |
| mTORC1 | mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 |
| IPEC-J2 | porcine jejunum epithelial cell line |
| ISCs | intestinal stem cells |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| PCNA | proliferation cell nuclear antigen |
| siRNA | small interfering RNA |
| Axin2 | axis inhibition protein 2 |
| GSK-3β | glycogen synthase kinase 3β |
| eIF4E | eukaryotic initiation factor 4E |
| S6K1 | ribosomal protein S6 Kinase-1 |
| 4EBP1 | eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 |
| VCs | villus cells |
| HIEC | human intestinal epithelial crypt cell |