[Table/Fig-8]:

Reductive effect of all tested herbal essential oils against the in vitro established 24-h S. mutans biofilm.

Tested agents	Reduction of the established S. mutans biofilm mass (%) ± SD
	Time of treatment (h)
	1	2	4	24
Cinnamon bark
MIC	59.16±0.03*	64.62±0.03*	67.47±0.01*	77.33±0.02
2xMIC	59.24±0.02*	65.42±0.03*	67.59±0.02*	77.45±0.03
4xMIC	63.08±0.03*	67.75±0.03*	69.03±0.02*	81.21±0.02
Sweet basil leaf
MIC	58.91±0.01*	65.50±0.02*	67.90±0.02	70.25±0.03
2xMIC	61.63±0.03*	66.91±0.03*	68.13±0.02	72.13±0.03
4xMIC	62.36±0.03*	67.76±0.03*	68.33±0.02	73.28±0.02
Peppermint leaf
MIC	55.06±0.02*	61.66±0.02	63.32±0.02	64.67±0.03
2xMIC	56.83±0.03*	63.69±0.02	66.99±0.02	69.59±0.02
4xMIC	65.45±0.03*,†	66.11±0.02†	68.18±0.02	71.01±0.02†
Spearmint leaf
MIC	55.70±0.02*	62.22±0.02	63.78±0.02	64.16±0.02
2xMIC	57.54±0.02*	64.48±0.02	64.92±0.03	65.52±0.02
4xMIC	60.46±0.02*	65.38±0.02	66.49±0.02	71.52±0.02
Black pepper seed
MIC	55.31±0.03*	61.36±0.02	62.96±0.02	64.59±0.02
2xMIC	57.23±0.03*	62.94±0.02	64.91±0.03	65.81±0.03
4xMIC	59.45±0.02*	66.34±0.03	66.77±0.05	67.81±0.02
Sweet fennel seed
MIC	55.44±0.05*	61.43±0.02	63.19±0.03	64.97±0.02
2xMIC	56.58±0.03*	62.89±0.03	64.37±0.05	65.82±0.03
4xMIC	58.75±0.03*	65.58±0.03	68.11±0.03	69.66±0.05
Kaffir lime peel
MIC	54.83±0.06*	61.24±0.04	61.99±0.06	63.66±0.06
2xMIC	59.48±0.05*	64.28±0.05	64.39±0.04	64.87±0.06
4xMIC	60.18±0.06*	66.32±0.04	65.86±0.06	66.79±0.06
Kaffir lime leaf
MIC	55.12±0.05*	60.77±0.05	62.14±0.06	62.96±0.06
2xMIC	58.33±0.05*	62.28±0.06	62.87±0.06	63.27±0.03
4xMIC	58.87±0.06*	63.02±0.05	64.95±0.06	66.94±0.06
0.25% chlorhexidine	18.90±0.02*	20.20±0.04*	25.66±0.02*	35.16±0.02

^*Significantly different from the treatment of established biofilm with agent for 24 h (p<0.05)

^†Significantly different from the treatment of established biofilm with agent at MIC (p<0.05)