Figure 1.

Timeline. We investigated the enteric microbiome in patients undergoing allogenic stem cell transplantation at 3 different time points: T₀, the day of the initiation of the pretransplantation conditioning regimen (usually 6 days before the transplant), T₁, 10 days following transplant, and T₂, 30 days following transplant. We enrolled to protocol 100 patients, of which 4 were excluded, leaving 96 subjects for clinical and microbiome analysis. We investigated the role of the enteric bacterial microbiome in preventing or favoring microbiologically documented bloodstream infections, clinically suspected severe sepsis and septic shock, graft-vs-host disease, relapse, and overall mortality. Anal swabs were performed to detect colonization by multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates, as reported in the supplementary material. Abbreviations: GvHD, graft-vs-host disease; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.