Fig. 8.

—Different tempo and mode during the evolution of introns, GC-clusters, tandem-, and homopolymer (HP)-repeats in mitogenomes. The insertion/deletion of introns may impact the most number of nucleotides per event due to longer intron length, but intron insertion sites are very limited. On the other hand, tandem repeats may only change a small number of nucleotide per slippage event, due to the high abundance of tandem repeats, the insertion space is thus relatively open for tandem repeats.