Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| rrMDD | HC | Between-group statistics |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 62) | (n = 41) | χ2 | T | U | p | ||
| Female | N(%) | 43 (69.3%) | 28 (68.3%) | 0.01 | 0.91 | ||
| Age | Years; mean (SD) | 53.7 (7.9) | 51.8 (8.1) | 1.17 | 0.25 | ||
| Education | Levels1 | 0/0/0/4/21/23/14 | 0/0/0/1/16/17/7 | 1.49 | 0.69 | ||
| IQ | Mean (SD) | 108 (8.5) | 106 (9.9) | 878.5 | 0.14 | ||
| Living situation | Levels2 | 26/0/18/14/2/0/2 | 10/0/16/11/4/0/0 | 6.23 | 0.18 | ||
| Employment status | Levels3 | 24/23/15/0 | 21/16/4/0 | 3.7 | 0.16 | ||
| Handedness | Levels4 | 4/50/4 | 2/33/4 | 0.44 | 0.8 | ||
| Age of onset | Years; mean (SD) | 27.2 (11.2)5 | – | – | |||
| Episodes | Median (IQR) | 4.0 (2/4/7) 5 | – | – | |||
| HDRS | Mean (SD) | 2.77 (2.31) | 11.45) | −4.5 | <0.001 | ||
| LEIDS-R | Mean (SD) | 38.8 (14.1) | 15.3(15.4) | −7.5 | <0.001 | ||
| RRS | Median (IQR) | 35 (29/35/47) | 25(22.5/25/26.5) | 341.5 | <0.001 | ||
HC, healthy control; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; rrMDD, remitted recurrent major depressive disorder; LEIDS-R, Leiden Index Depression Sensitivity-Revised; RRS, Ruminative Response Scale. 1Level of educational attainment (Verhage: 1964): levels range from 1 to 7 (1 = primary school not finished: 7 = pre-university/university degree).
2
Living situation: alone/living with parents/cohabiting/cohabiting with children/single living with children/other/unknown.
3
Employment status: low/middle/high/never worked.
4
Handedness: left/right/ambidexter; IQR: Inter-quartile range; χ2: chi-square test statistic; P: P-value; U: Mann–Whitney U non-parametric test statistic; T: independent-samples T test statistic.