Fig. 1.

Sex-specific comparison of six secondary reproductive traits in Ceratodon purpureus for three populations: (A) longitudinal measure of the cell wall (CWLG), (B) leaf length (LL), (C) leaf area (LA), (D) lamina thickness (LT), (E) costa depth (COD) and (F) costa width (COW). In all panels, females are represented by white bars and males are represented by black bars. Error bars indicate standard error. Asterisks indicate that the effect of sex was significant for ANOVA for each trait (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; full results in Table 1).