Table 4.

Correlates of WHODAS-II average functional impairment^a among middle-aged and older adults (50 years and older) meeting major depression criteria

	IRR b	95% CI
Ethnicity/race
Non-Latino Whites	Ref	n/a
Cubans	1.33	0.90–1.96
Puerto Ricans	0.94	0.52–1.71
Mexicans	1.10	0.70–1.72
Blacks	1.46*	1.01–2.12
Depression type
MDDc	Ref	n/a
Comorbid CVD/MDDd	1.40*	1.05–1.86
Sex
Female	Ref	n/a
Male	0.94	0.68–1.31
Age
50–64	Ref	n/a
65+	0.74	0.51–1.07

^aBased on average number of days impaired across five functional domains based on the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS-II) including self-reported number of days out of role in: (1) overall role impairment; (2) cognition; (3) mobility; (4) self-care; and (5) social impairment. Estimates are sex and age adjusted.

^bIncidence rate ratio.

^cMeeting criteria for lifetime major depression, based on World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interviews, with a depressive episode occurring at age 50 years or older and no reported cerebrovascular diseases.

^dMeeting criteria for a lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) with a depressive episode occurring at age 50 years or older, and self-reported medical diagnoses of one or more cerebrovascular disease (including diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, or stroke).

^*p < 0.05.

Results are from a negative binomial regression model using data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys.