Table 2.
Outcomes after intervention (4 months) and at follow-up (12 months)
| BeatIt | StepUp | Between-group difference* | p value | ICC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDS-LD | |||||
| Baseline | 16·60 (7·91) | 16·90 (6·73) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 11·91 (7·43) | 12·94 (7·77) | −0·75 (−2·80 to 1·31) | 0·471 | 0·022 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 12·03 (7·99) | 12·43 (7·64) | 0·26 (−2·18 to 2·70) | 0·833 | 0·085 |
| IDDS | |||||
| Baseline | 83·87 (32·70) | 73·57 (31·37) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 60·37 (29·01) | 59·66 (34·13) | −4·49 (−13·72 to 4·75) | 0·336 | <0·001 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 61·02 (31·82) | 55·02 (30·06) | 1·36 (−9·19 to 11·92) | 0·797 | 0·079 |
| GAS-ID | |||||
| Baseline | 25·05 (11·15) | 24·71 (11·00) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 20·96 (11·18) | 21·39 (11·70) | −0·77 (−3·38 to 1·84) | 0·559 | <0·001 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 20·77 (11·36) | 20·07 (11·15) | 0·43 (−2·59 to 3·45) | 0·776 | 0·143 |
| BPI-S | |||||
| Baseline | 1·96 (2·74) | 2·10 (3·61) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 1·24 (2·19) | 2·09 (3·84) | −0·65 (−1·55 to 0·25) | 0·154 | 0·066 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 1·09 (1·85) | 1·82 (3·42) | −0·67 (−1·46 to 0·12) | 0·093 | <0·001 |
| EQ-5D-Y | |||||
| Baseline | 0·46 (0·44) | 0·62 (0·38) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 0·64 (0·41) | 0·69 (0·36) | 0·01 (−0·12 to 0·14) | 0·878 | 0·084 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 0·68 (0·41) | 0·70 (0·35) | 0·04 (−0·08 to 0·15) | 0·546 | <0·001 |
| EQ-5D-VAS | |||||
| Baseline | 46·56 (28·63) | 56·96 (29·53) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 48·72 (28·21) | 56·64 (29·61) | 8·15 (−1·16 to 17·45) | 0·085 | <0·001 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 49·23 (28·76) | 57·36 (28·92) | 6·75 (−3·07 to 16·56) | 0·174 | 0·002 |
| ICI (total) | |||||
| Baseline | 49·81 (15·94) | 51·26 (17·35) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 53·71 (16·80) | 51·47 (17·44) | 3·23 (−0·33 to 6·78) | 0·074 | <0·001 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 51·45 (15·34) | 48·52 (16·95) | 3·11 (−0·68 to 6·91) | 0·106 | <0·001 |
| IPDL | |||||
| Baseline | 19·07 (8·46) | 18·19 (9·03) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 18·34 (9·24) | 18·46 (8·45) | −0·51 (−2·16 to 1·14) | 0·539 | <0·001 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 16·47 (8·01) | 15·86 (7·97) | 0·75 (−1·11 to 2·61) | 0·424 | 0·003 |
| SSQ3, size of support network | |||||
| Baseline | 4·89 (3·2) | 4·62 (2·6) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 5·31 (2·95) | 4·92 (2·99) | 0·09 (−0·68 to 0·86) | 0·823 | 0·039 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 4·92 (2·91) | 4·71 (2·74) | 0·04 (−0·79 to 0·86) | 0·932 | 0·001 |
| SSQ3, satisfaction | |||||
| Baseline | 2·48 (0·53) | 2·62 (0·55) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 2·59 (0·49) | 2·65 (0·53) | −0·02 (−0·17 to 0·12) | 0·741 | <0·001 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 2·62 (0·50) | 2·66 (0·44) | 0·001 (−0·15 to 0·15) | 0·987 | <0·001 |
| ABS, socialisation | |||||
| Baseline | 20·92 (3·55) | 20·75 (3·12) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 21·37 (3·19) | 20·20 (3·57) | 1·11 (0·20 to 2·02) | 0·017 | <0·001 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 21·59 (3·17) | 21·47 (2·52) | 0·14 (−0·72 to 0·10) | 0·750 | <0·001 |
| ABS, self-direction | |||||
| Baseline | 15·38 (5·41) | 14·60 (5·49) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 16·87 (4·68) | 15·54 (4·83) | 0·98 (−0·15 to 2·12) | 0·089 | <0·001 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 16·94 (4·50) | 16·59 (4·28) | 0·13 (−1·13 to 1·39) | 0·838 | <0·001 |
| ABS, responsibility | |||||
| Baseline | 8·27 (1·77) | 7·62 (2·10) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 8·28 (1·84) | 7·72 (2·02) | −0·16 (−0·59 to 0·27) | 0·452 | <0·001 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 8·20 (1·76) | 8·40 (1·51) | −0·44 (−0·92 to 0·05) | 0·076 | 0·035 |
| EDSE | |||||
| Baseline | 20·73 (4·98) | 21·04 (4·68) | .. | .. | .. |
| After intervention (4 months) | 22·45 (4·06) | 22·01 (4·80) | 0·86 (−0·44 to 2·16) | 0·192 | 0·025 |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 21·98 (4·34) | 22·67 (3·83) | −0·36 (−1·60 to 0·83) | 0·527 | <0·001 |
| BLESID | |||||
| Baseline | 2·04 (2·35) | 1·79 (2·03) | .. | .. | .. |
| Follow-up (12 months) | 1·56 (1·86) | 1·29 (1·72) | 0·25 (−0·34 to 0·83) | 0·406 | <0·001 |
Data are mean (SD) or mean (95% CI). ICC=Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for clustering within therapists. GDS-LD=Glasgow Depression Scale for people with Learning Disabilities. IDDS=Intellectual Disabilities Depression Scale. GAS-ID=Glasgow Anxiety Scale for People with Intellectual Disabilities. BPI-S=Behaviour Problems Inventory for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities short form. EQ-5D-Y=EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire, Youth version. EQ-5D-VAS=EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire Visual Analogue Scale. ICI=Index of Community Involvement. IPDL=Index of Participation in Domestic Life. SSQ3=Social Support Questionnaire. ABS=Adaptive Behaviour Scale, Residential and Community: second edition. EDSE=Emotional Difficulties Self-Efficacy Scale. BLESID=Bangor Life Events Schedule for Intellectual Disabilities.
Models adjusted for baseline scores, antidepressant use, and site, with therapist as random effect.