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. 2017 Dec 4;7:16898. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16318-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A sequence diagram of the proposed IVS-McPRESS technique. After the recording of a navigator signal to assess the breathing status of the volunteers, an inner volume suppression (IVS) scheme is applied to improve the robustness of the localisation. Then an upfield or downfield inversion pulse is applied in alternating measurements, inverting all upfield or all downfield metabolites, respectively, while leaving the water signal untouched. Finally, a point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) localisation is employed. The sequence is initiated by an ECG trigger, with the excitation pulse occurring approximately 250 ms after that, with the total duration of all radio frequency pulses being 120 ms. By subtraction of an upfield and a downfield inverted measurement, a metabolite spectrum without water signal can be generated.