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. 2017 Dec 4;7:16905. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17295-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) UV-visible absorbance spectrum of Cu₂O nanocubes in water. (b) Fluorescence emission spectra of 19 individual Cu₂O nanocubes excited at 520 nm with a supercontinuum picosecond pulsed laser. (c) Emission peak wavelength distribution. The emission peak centered at 754.6 ± 2 nm which can be correlated to oxygen vacancy (V_o). This wavelength is well suited for biological imaging applications. (d) The peak in the distribution of full width at half-maximum (FWHM) emission is around 85 nm. (e) Fluorescence intensity of the same nanocubes as in (a) over a 120 second time period of continuous excitation with 11 μW time-averaged power at the sample from the supercontinuum pulsed laser. Emission intensities of these individual particles ranged between 226 k to 780 k counts/s. (f) Fluorescence emission intensity of 6 selected individual Cu₂O nanocubes under 2 μW, 5 μW, 11 μW, 15 μW and 20 μW excitation power. The selected nanocubes in (f) are a subset, chosen for no particular reason, of those studied in (b) and (e). This result indicates that individual Cu₂O nanocubes have the ability to produce considerably bright emission while using low excitation powers.