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. 2017 Dec 4;7:16892. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16928-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Anti-tumoral efficacy of recombinant viruses. Anti-tumoral efficacy after (a,b) prophylactic vaccination against metastatic spread or (c,d) therapeutic treatment of pre-established tumors. (a) Lungs of representative mice vaccinated twice with indicated viruses or medium (mock), 19 days after tumor-challenge. Lungs were prepared, fixed, and bleached with Fekete’s solution. B16 cell metastases become visible as black dots. (b) Quantitative analysis of metastases per lung after vaccination and B16-challenge. Dots represent number of metastases in individual animals (n = 5–9); horizontal line represents median per group. Statistical differences between groups were assessed by Mann Whitney test. *, P < 0.05. (c) Growth of subcutaneous B16-mCLDN6-hCD46 tumors on the flanks of IFNAR^−/−-CD46Ge mice after treatment (arrow heads) with MV_vac2-gag (blue), MV_vac2-CLDN6 (green), MV_vac2-gag-CLDN6 (red), or OptiMEM as mock control group (black). Mean tumor size and SD are indicated. Statistical differences between groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA. ns, non-significant; **, P < 0.01; ****, P < 0.0001. (d) Survival of tumor-bearing animals. Kaplan-Meyer survival plots of animals depicted in (c). Statistical differences between groups were assessed by Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.