Table 4.

Correlations between the subscales of the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and the behavioral responses of dogs during stressor application and the separation and reunion test.

	Secure attachment	Anxious attachment	Avoidant attachment
G: Located	-0.38∗∗
behind owner	L: 0.29 (0.13–0.47)∗∗∗
	H: 0.05 (0.00–0.12)
AP: Oriented		0.29∗
owner		L:0.01 (0.00–0.02)∗
		H: 0.03 (0.02–0.05)
VIS: Located		0.33∗
close to owner		L: 0.00 (0.00–0.00)t
		H: 0.00 (0.00–0.00)
SR: Lip licking		-0.29∗
during separation		L: 0.16 (0.11–0.26)∗∗
		H: 0.08 (0.05–0.11)
SR: Tail wagging		-0.28∗
at reunion		L: 0.89 (0.74–0.95)t
		H: 0.79 (0.64–0.89)
AP: Located			-0.41∗∗
close to owner			L: 0.00 (0.00–0.00)∗∗
			H: 0.00 (0.00–0.00)
AUD: Located			0.34∗
behind owner			L: 0.00 (0.00–0.00)∗
			H: 0.04 (0.00–0.40)
VIS: Oriented	0.35∗	-0.28∗
stressor	L: 0.38 (0.26–0.56)∗	L: 0.73 (0.41–1.00)t
	H: 0.93 (0.39–1.00)	H: 0.35 (0.22–0.79)
VIS: Latency to	-0.28∗		0.32∗
contact	L: 43.00 (10.00–51.17)t		L: 5.00 (3.20–6.80)∗
	H: 9.00 (5.00–43.39)		H: 14.00 (6.24–50.30)
AUD: Oriented	0.30∗		-0.46∗∗∗
stressor	L: 0.62 (0.49–0.76)∗∗		L: 0.88 (0.75–1.00)∗∗∗
	H: 0.83 (0.74–0.92)		H: 0.53 (0.47–0.70)
VIS: Oriented owner	-0.46∗∗∗	0.31∗	0.33∗
	L: 0.07 (0.05–0.13)∗∗	L: 0.00 (0.00–0.05)t	L: 0.00 (0.00–0.05)∗∗
	H: 0.00 (0.00–0.04)	H: 0.06 (0.005–0.12)	H: 0.07 (0.01–0.12)

Figures in bold were significantly different in correlation tests and in the additional Mann–Whitney U-tests. N (Correlation tests) = 51, N (Confidence low) = 24, N (Confidence high) = 24, N (Attachment anxiety low) = 20, N (Attachment anxiety high) = 20, N (Avoidant attachment low) = 25, N (Avoidant attachment high) = 20. ^tP ≤ 0.1; ^∗P ≤ 0.05; ^∗∗P ≤ 0.01; ^∗∗∗P ≤ 0.001.

(VIS, visual stressor; AP, approaching person; AUD, auditory stressor; G, ‘Ghost’; SR, separation and reunion test), L = median in low scoring group (95% confidence interval), H = median in high scoring group (95% confidence interval).