Table 5.

Effects between WM characteristics and task-switching performance.

		Cerebrum	Frontal	Parietal	Temporal	Occipital
NAWM Volumeb	B	0.300	0.248	0.263	0.260	0.198
	SE	0.102	0.098	0.097	0.099	0.092
	η2	0.040	0.030	0.035	0.032	0.022
	p	0.004	0.012	0.007	0.010	0.033
WMH Volumea,b	B	−0.097	−0.077	−0.154	−0.005	−0.052
	SE	0.075	0.074	0.076	0.074	0.072
	η2	0.008	0.005	0.021	<0.001	0.003
	p	0.197	0.301	0.043	0.943	0.471
NAWM
FAc	B	−0.081	−0.110	−0.055	0.048	−0.132
	SE	0.074	0.076	0.075	0.072	0.071
	η2	0.006	0.010	0.003	0.002	0.016
	p	0.277	0.151	0.464	0.507	0.065
MDc	B	0.025	0.004	0.033	0.001	0.019
	SE	0.086	0.088	0.081	0.081	0.080
	η2	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	p	0.776	0.959	0.686	0.987	0.810
WMH
FAc	B	−0.064	−0.013	−0.031	0.023	−0.050
	SE	0.070	0.073	0.072	0.079	0.070
	η2	0.004	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
	p	0.362	0.857	0.669	0.771	0.477
MDc	B	−0.141	−0.179	−0.061	−0.047	−0.101
	SE	0.076	0.082	0.078	0.073	0.077
	η2	0.016	0.022	0.003	0.002	0.008
	p	0.067	0.030	0.435	0.519	0.193

FA, fractional anisotropy; MD, mean diffusivity; NAWM, normal appearing white matter; SE, standard error; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.

Significant results are indicated in bold, trends are indicated in italic.

^aNatural log transformed.

^bAdjusted for age, gender, education, blood pressure, and intracranial volume.

^cAdjusted for age, gender, education, blood pressure, intracranial volume, NAWM Volume, and WMH Volume.