Gene expression of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) treated with adipose tissue conditioned medium (CM) associated with neoadjuvant treatment and chemoresistance. (a) mRNA expression of CD34, CD90, nucleostemin (NSTM), and octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (OCT‐4) in ADSC isolated from healthy patients and treated with omental or peritumoral adipose tissue CM derived from patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) who did not receive (NT) or received (T NEOAD) neoadjuvant treatment. (b) mRNA expression of CD34, CD90, NSTM, and OCT‐4 in ADSC isolated from healthy patients and treated with omental adipose tissue CM derived from patients with EAC treated with neoadjuvant therapy who had a positive tumor regression grade (Mandard 1‐2) or poor response to chemotherapy (Mandard 3‐5) (c) mRNA expression of CD34, CD90, NSTM, OCT‐4, leptin, leptin receptor (OBR) and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) measured in ADSC isolated from healthy visceral adipose tissue and treated with peritumoral adipose tissue CM derived from patients with EAC treated with neoadjuvant therapy who had a positive tumor regression grade (Mandard 1‐2) or poor response to chemotherapy (Mandard 3‐5). (d) CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression at different time points in ADSC isolated from healthy visceral adipose tissue treated with peritumoral adipose tissue CM isolated from the same patients as in part (c) and then differentiated into mature adipocytes. mRNA expression was measured by means of qRT‐PCR using HMBS as internal control. Non‐parametric statistics were used. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.