Fig. 1.

The bone marrow does not compensate for anemia during acute cynomolgi malaria despite increased EPO levels. a Parasitaemia kinetics for the four animals are shown. Bone marrow sample collection times in relation to parasite kinetics are indicated by a vertical bar; the colour of the bar indicates the infection point classification of the sample. b Hemoglobin levels, peripheral reticulocyte numbers, and the reticulocyte production index for each infection stage are shown. Statistical significance relative to pre-infection was assessed where relevant using a linear mixed-model with Tukey–Kramer post hoc analysis. c Mean erythropoietin levels during each infection stage are indicated. Dashed line indicates the limit of detection of the assay. Statistical significance was assessed using a paired t test relative to pre-infection levels. Error bars indicate standard error for b and c. Asterisk indicates p < 0.05