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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016 Nov 14;153(4):924–932. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.10.066

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Study design of cell-free patient-specific nanofiber tissue engineered vascular graft. A and B, The dimension and shape of the thoracic inferior vena cava (IVC) was measured from angiography before surgery in the sheep model. C, An electrospinning mandrel was modeled by computer-aided design and subsequently 3D-printed. D, The nanofiber scaffold was electrospun onto the 3D-printed mandrel. E and F, A patient-specific cell-free nanofiber tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) was implanted as an IVC interposition conduit in the sheep model. G and H, Scanning electron microscope images of the scaffold (G, 500×; H, 4000×). I, Intraoperative picture of the implanted TEVG. 3D, 3-dimensional.