Figure 1.

Flow chart showing the work‐up, primary treatment, and pathological diagnosis for testicular cancer, as recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. The work‐up includes the measurement of the serum tumor markers that are required for clinical staging. Discussions about sperm banking are recommended at the beginning of the primary treatment. AFP, alpha fetoprotein; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; H&P, history and physical examination; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase