Table 3.
Cytokine Expression in Circulating Monocytes after Stimulation with Interferon-γ at IRIS-Event or Control-Event.
| Monocyte Population with Intracellular Cytokine Production | Control-Event (n = 6) | IRIS-Event (n = 11) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Monocytes | |||
| TNF-α+ | 8 (2, 10) | 22 (7, 52) | 0.091 |
| IL-6+ | 0.6 (0.4, 1.3) | 25 (8, 37) | <0.001 |
| TNF-α+ and IL-6+ | 8 (3, 10) | 39 (20, 61) | 0.003 |
| Activated Monocytes (PD-L1+CD25+) | |||
| TNF-α+ | 10 (6, 18) | 36 (24, 64) | 0.007 |
| IL-6+ | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) | 36 (7, 44) | <0.001 |
| Classical Monocytes | |||
| TNF-α+ | 9 (3, 14) | 29 (23, 47) | 0.005 |
| IL-6+ | 1.5 (0.4, 2.0) | 24 (8, 30) | <0.001 |
| Activated Classical Monocytes | |||
| TNF-α+ | 7 (1, 17) | 26 (17, 45) | 0.010 |
| IL-6+ | 0.6 (0.4, 1.3) | 21 (9, 36) | <0.001 |
| Intermediate Monocytes | |||
| TNF-α+ | 7 (4, 11) | 25 (16, 76) | 0.020 |
| IL-6+ | 0.9 (0.4, 1.5) | 23 (7, 40) | <0.001 |
| Activated Intermediate Monocytes | |||
| TNF-α+ | 6 (5, 13) | 24 (13, 72) | 0.025 |
| IL-6+ | 0.5 (0.1, 0.7) | 25 (8, 46) | 0.003 |
| Non-Classical Monocytes | |||
| TNF-α+ | 0 | 0 (0, 39) | 0.102 |
| L-6+ | 0 | 0 (0, 16) | 0.102 |
| Activated Non-Classical Monocytes | |||
| TNF-α+ | 0 | 0 (0, 80) | 0.353 |
| IL-6+ | 0 | 0 | 0.515 |
Control-Event (n = 6) participants were matched for ART duration to the 11 participants at IRIS-Event. All values listed as median % (IQR) unless otherwise noted. p-value determined from Mann-Whitney U test. Abbreviations: TNF—tumor necrosis factor; IL—Interleukin. Classical monocytes defined as (CD14hi++CD16−), intermediate monocytes as (CD14++CD16+), and non-classical monocytes as (CD14+loCD16++).