Table 5.
Crude and multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of somatic disability pension (DP) across regions of birth in the follow-up period (2005–2010) stratified by immigration status, using natives as the reference group
| Immigration status |
Population n (%) |
Somatic DP n (%) |
Crude HR (95% CI) |
Model 1 HR (95% CI) |
Model 2 HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First generation | |||||
| Nordic | 86,608 (16.1) | 2044 (2.3) | 1.85 (1.77–1.93) | 1.31 (1.26–1.37) | 1.28 (1.24–1.36) |
| EU 25+ | 86,549 (16.0) | 1166 (1.3) | 1.07 (1.01–1.14) | 1.19 (1.12–1.26) | 1.23 (1.16–1.30) |
| Other EU | 115,637 (21.6) | 3759 (3.1) | 2.43 (2.35–2.52) | 2.36 (2.27–2.43) | 2.24 (2.17–2.33) |
| Rest | 249,698 (46.3) | 4963 (1.9) | 1.52 (1.47–1.56) | 1.68 (1.63–1.73) | 1.54 (1.53–1.62) |
| Second generation | |||||
| Nordic | 66,070 (54.5) | 1088 (1.6) | 1.23 (1.16–1.31) | 1.31 (1.25–1.40) | 1.24 (1.17–1.32) |
| EU 25+ | 23,722 (19.6) | 309 (1.3) | 0.98 (0.86–1.09) | 1.14 (1.01–1.27) | 1.15 (1.02–1.26) |
| Other EU | 21,750 (17.9) | 183 (0.8) | 0.62 (0.54–0.74) | 1.14 (0.98–1.31) | 1.10 (0.95–1.27) |
| Rest | 9689 (8.0) | 33 (0.3) | 0.25 (0.18–0.36) | 0.70 (0.50–0.99) | 0.76 (0.54–1.07) |
| Second/ intermediate generation | |||||
| Sweden | 130,629 (49.1) | 1568 (1.2) | 0.89 (0.85–0.94) | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 1.04 (0.98–1.08) |
| Nordic | 89,585 (34.7) | 1440 (1.6) | 1.18 (1.12–1.24) | 1.13 (1.05–1.16) | 1.10 (1.03–1.14) |
| EU 25+ | 37,024 (13.1) | 457 (1.2) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.98 (0.89–1.06) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) |
| Other EU | 3699 (1.3) | 27 (0.7) | 0.60 (0.43–0.85) | 0.84 (0.61–1.20) | 0.81 (0.59–1.16) |
| Rest | 4910 (1.8) | 25 (0.5) | 0.41 (0.29–0.57) | 0.84 (0.63–1.21) | 0.88 (0.67–1.28) |
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, educational level, family situation, and unemployment status
Model 2: like Model 1 and additionally adjusted for healthcare variables (diagnosis-specific in and specialized outpatient healthcare)
Countries categorization
Nordic: Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland;
EU-25+: countries included in the European Union in 2006 except Sweden and “Nordic countries” plus US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand;
Other EU: European countries outside EU25 and Former Soviet Union countries;
Rest: Asia, South America, Africa