Table 3.

Clinicopathologic characteristics and oncological outcomes of 95 patients with stage 0-III rectal cancer undergoing robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision

Preoperative clinical staging
Tumor depth
T1	2 (2.1%)
T2	19 (20.0%)
T3	61 (64.2%)
T4	13 (13.7%)
Lymph Node metastasis
N0	38 (40.0%)
N1	40 (42.1%)
N2	17 (17.9%)
AJCCa Stage (Clinical)
I	14 (14.7%)
II	24 (25.3%)
III	57 (60.0%)
Postoperative pathological outcomes
Histology
Well differentiation	16 (16.9%)
Moderate differentiation	76 (80.0%)
Poor differentiation	3 (3.1%)
Tumor size
< 5 cm	85 (89.5%)
≥ 5 cm	10 (10.5%)
Tumor size (cm, mean ± SD) (range)	2.46 ± 1.652 (0–8)
Tumor depth
T0	29 (30.5%)
Tis	1 (1.0%)
T1	14 (14.7%)
T2	20 (21.1%)
T3	28 (29.5%)
T4	3 (3.2%)
Lymph Node metastasis
N0	73 (77.1%)
N1	19 (19.8%)
N2	3 (3.1%)
AJCC Stage (Pathologic)
0	27 (28.4%)
I	27 (28.4%)
II	19 (20.0%)
III	22 (23.2%)
Tumor Regression Grade (75 patients with preoperative CCRT)
0	28 (37.3%)
1	30 (40.0%)
2	11 (14.7%)
3	6 (8.0%)
Harvested Lymph Node (median) (range)	9 (0–36)
Harvested Apical Node (median) (range)	2 (0–15)
Distance of distal resection margin (cm, median) (range)	2.30 (0.2–6.5)
Distance of circumferential resection margin (cm, median) (range)	1.0 (0.2–3.5)
Distal resection margin
Free	94 (98.9%)
Positive	1 (1.1%)
Circumferential resection margin
Free	93 (97.9%)
Positive	2 (2.1%)
Resection Degree of Primary tumor
R0	92 (96.8%)
R1	3 (3.2%)
Oncological outcomes
Follow-up periods (months, median) (range)	25.6 (6.6–52.2)
R0 resection	91
Locoregional recurrence	5 (5.5%)
Distant metastasis	10 (11.0%)
Liver + Lung	1 (1.1%)
Lung	5 (5.5%)
Liver	2 (2.2%)
Chest Wall	1 (1.1%)
Peritoneal carcinomatosis	1 (1.1%)
R1 resection	3
Local recurrence	1 (33.3%)
Lung	1 (33.3%)
Peritoneum	1 (33.3%)

^a AJCC American Joint Commission on Cancer