Table 3.

IRRs and 95% CIs of different types of childhood cancer by maternal diabetes status in 4,239,965 children born in 1973–2014 and followed from birth for up to age 15 years or to December 2015

Outcome and exposure categories	Number of cases	Model 1a IRR (95% CI)	Model 2b IRR (95% CI)	Model 3c IRR (95% CI)
All cancer subtypes combined
No maternal diabetes	8,709	Reference	Reference	Reference
Maternal diabetes	130	1.11 (0.94, 1.32)	1.10 (0.92, 1.30)	1.06 (0.89, 1.26)
CBT
No maternal diabetes	2,063	Reference	Reference	Reference
Maternal diabetes	16	0.59 (0.36, 0.96)	0.59 (0.36, 0.97)	0.56 (0.35, 0.91)
Leukemiad
No maternal diabetes	2,631	Reference	Reference	Reference
Maternal diabetes	56	1.57 (1.20, 2.04)	1.52 (1.16, 1.98)	1.47 (1.13, 1.92)
ALL
No maternal diabetes	2,043	Reference	Reference	Reference
Maternal diabetes	48	1.73 (1.30, 2.30)	1.67 (1.25, 2.22)	1.64 (1.23, 2.18)
Lymphoma
No maternal diabetes	884	Reference	Reference	Reference
Maternal diabetes	17	1.48 (0.92, 2.39)	1.43 (0.88, 2.31)	1.45 (0.90, 2.36)

Notes: Estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

^aUnadjusted estimates.

^bAdjusted for child’s sex, decade of birth, maternal age, highest attained parental education level, and birth order.

^cAdjusted for child’s sex, decade of birth, maternal age, highest attained parental education level, birth order, birth weight by gestational age, gestational age, child’s diabetes status, and child birth defects.

^dAll types of leukemia combined.

Abbreviations: IRRs, incidence rate ratios; CIs, confidence intervals; CBT, childhood brain tumor; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia.