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Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines (A) IL-1β, (B) IL-6, (C) TNF-α and (D) IL-10 in intestinal tissue. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n=8). *P<0.05. IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; S, sham surgery; IIR, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion; ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; t-BHQ, t-butylhydroquinone.
