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. 2017 Sep 29;40(6):1631–1638. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3167

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Inhibition of Ubc9 blocks small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein modification and reduces bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) tolerance to adverse environments. (A) Detection of the expression levels of Ubc9 as well as SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 in covalent and free states by western blot analysis. (B) Cell morphological changes in various experimental groups (scale bar, 25 µm). (C and D) Growth curves of BMSCs in various groups. (E) Cell cycle of BMSCs in various experimental groups. (E and F) Apoptosis detection by TUNEL assay (scale bar, 10 µm). Red, apoptotic cells; blue, all nuclei. (G) Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). *p<0.05, **p<0.01.