Table 1. Characteristics of the study population according to RHI status.
| Recent seroconversion | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Yes (RHI) | No (NRHI) | p-value | Total |
| N 981 | N 1627 | N 2608 | ||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 34 (28, 40) | 36 (31, 42) | <0.001 | 35 (30, 42) |
| Females, n (%) | 117 (11.9%) | 273 (16.8%) | 1.000 | 390 (15.0%) |
| Mode of HIV Transmission, n (%) | 0.501 | |||
| IDUs | 79 (8.1%) | 164 (10.1%) | 243 (9.4%) | |
| Homosexual contacts | 587 (59.9%) | 893 (55.3%) | 1480 (57.0%) | |
| Heterosexual contacts | 256 (26.1%) | 489 (30.1%) | 745 (28.6%) | |
| Other/Unknown | 58 (5.9%) | 70 (4.3%) | 128 (4.9%) | |
| Not Italian nationality, n (%) | 123 (12.5%) | 212 (13.0%) | 0.050 | 335 (12.8%) |
| AIDS diagnosis, n (%) | 26 (2.7%) | 67 (4.1%) | 0.478 | 93 (3.6%) |
| CVD diagnosis, n (%) | 3 (0.3%) | 8 (0.5%) | 0.295 | 11 (0.4%) |
| HBsAg, n (%) | 0.036 | |||
| Negative | 947 (96.5%) | 1582 (97.2%) | 2529 (97.0%) | |
| Positive | 34 (3.5%) | 45 (2.8%) | 79 (3.0%) | |
| Not tested | 309 (31.5%) | 553 (34.0%) | 862 (33.1%) | |
| HCV Ab, n (%) | 0.161 | |||
| Negative | 606 (61.8%) | 932 (57.3%) | 1538 (59.0%) | |
| Positive | 80 (8.2%) | 172 (10.6%) | 252 (9.7%) | |
| Not tested | 295 (30.1%) | 523 (32.1%) | 818 (31.4%) | |
|
CD4 count, cells/mmc, median (IQR) |
493 (336, 667) | 452 (289, 632) | <0.001 | 469 (307, 651) |
|
CD4 count nadir, cells/mmc, median (IQR) |
495 (338, 669) | 452 (293, 625) | <0.001 | 470 (309, 641) |
|
CD8 count, cells/mmc, median (IQR) |
904 (654, 1284) | 931 (688, 1283) | 0.383 | 923 (675, 1283) |
|
Viral load, log10
copies/mL, median (IQR) |
4.67 (4.06, 5.23) | 4.42 (3.81, 4.97) | <0.001 | 4.5 (3.89–5.07) |
|
Time from HIV diagnosis to date of enrolment, months, median (IQR) |
6 (4, 9) | 27 (18, 45) | <0.001 | 17 (8, 32) |
| Site geographical position, n (%) | 0.017 | |||
| North | 590 (60.1%) | 916 (56.3%) | 1506 (57.7%) | |
| Center | 313 (31.9%) | 616 (37.9%) | 929 (35.6%) | |
| South | 78 (8.0%) | 95 (5.8%) | 173 (6.6%) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 10 (1.0%) | 16 (1.0%) | <0.001 | 26 (1.0%) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.950 | |||
| No | 327 (33.3%) | 595 (36.6%) | 922 (35.4%) | |
| Yes | 289 (29.5%) | 592 (36.4%) | 881 (33.8%) | |
| Unknown | 365 (37.2%) | 440 (27.0%) | 805 (30.9%) | |
|
Total cholesterol, mg/dL, median (IQR) |
165 (143, 192) | 164 (140, 188) | 0.395 | 165 (141, 189) |
|
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL, median (IQR) |
42 (34, 48) | 41 (33, 49) | 0.673 | 41 (34, 48) |
| EGFR (CKD_Epi formula), ml/min/1.73m2, median (IQR) | 4.67 (4.04, 5.17) | 4.37 (3.63, 4.90) | <0.001 | 4.45 (3.77, 5) |
|
Blood glucose, mg/dL, median (IQR) |
86 (79, 92) | 86 (80, 95) | 0.037 | 86 (80, 94) |
| Use of statins, n (%) | 5 (0.5%) | 8 (0.5%) | 0.353 | 13 (0.5%) |
| Use of blood pressure lowering drugs, n (%) | 16 (1.6%) | 35 (2.2%) | 0.003 | 51 (2.0%) |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Primary school | 44 (4.5%) | 55 (3.4%) | 99 (3.8%) | |
| Secondary school | 194 (19.8%) | 354 (21.8%) | 548 (21.0%) | |
| College | 307 (31.3%) | 580 (35.6%) | 887 (34.0%) | |
| University | 157 (16.0%) | 253 (15.6%) | 410 (15.7%) | |
| Other/Unknown | 279 (28.4%) | 385 (23.7%) | 664 (25.5%) | |
| Employment, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Unemployed | 128 (13.0%) | 194 (11.9%) | 322 (12.3%) | |
| Employed | 454 (46.3%) | 789 (48.5%) | 1243 (47.7%) | |
| Self-employed | 138 (14.1%) | 284 (17.5%) | 422 (16.2%) | |
| Occasional | 31 (3.2%) | 48 (3.0%) | 79 (3.0%) | |
| Student | 63 (6.4%) | 47 (2.9%) | 110 (4.2%) | |
| Retired | 15 (1.5%) | 35 (2.2%) | 50 (1.9%) | |
| Invalid | 1 (0.1%) | 2 (0.1%) | 3 (0.1%) | |
| Housewife | 20 (2.0%) | 46 (2.8%) | 66 (2.5%) | |
| Other/unknown | 131 (13.4%) | 182 (11.2%) | 313 (12.0%) | |
LEGEND: Categorical data are presented as absolute numbers (percentages); p values for comparison of proportions between RHI and NRHI are by Chi-square test. Quantitative data are presented as median (Interquartile Range, IQR); p values for comparison of medians between RHI and NRHI are by Mann Whitney test. IDUs, Intravenous Drug Users; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; EGFR, glomerular filtration rate.