Table 3. Parameters associated with Recent HIV Infections (RHI) by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
| Odds ratios of recent seroconversion | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
p-value |
| Calendar period of Seroconversion | ||||
| 1996–2000 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2001–2006 | 0.38 (0.29, 0.49) | <0.001 | 1.04 (0.67, 1.61) | 0.858 |
| 2007–2009 | 0.67 (0.51, 0.88) | 0.004 | 1.48 (0.91, 2.41) | 0.115 |
| 2010–2014 | 2.25 (1.82, 2.78) | <0.001 | 12.01 (6.69, 21.57) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female vs. male | 0.67 (0.53, 0.85) | <0.001 | 0.66 (0.37, 1.20) | 0.175 |
| Mode of HIV Transmission | ||||
| IDUs | 1 | 1 | ||
| Homosexual contacts | 1.36 (1.02, 1.82) | 0.034 | 1.08 (0.50, 2.31) | 0.843 |
| Heterosexual contacts | 1.09 (0.80, 1.48) | 0.596 | 0.90 (0.42, 1.94) | 0.796 |
| Other/Unknown | 1.72 (1.11, 2.67) | 0.016 | 1.86 (0.65, 5.35) | 0.250 |
| Nationality | ||||
| Not Italian vs. Italian | 0.96 (0.75, 1.21) | 0.717 | ||
| AIDS diagnosis | ||||
| Yes vs. No | 0.63 (0.40, 1.00) | 0.052 | 1.56 (0.64, 3.78) | 0.328 |
| HCV Ab | ||||
| Negative | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive | 0.72 (0.54, 0.95) | 0.021 | 0.82 (0.42, 1.61) | 0.560 |
| Not tested | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | 0.113 | 0.65 (0.42, 1.00) | 0.050 |
| Age, years | ||||
| per 10 years older | 0.77 (0.69, 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.65, 0.95) | 0.011 |
| CD4 count, cells/mmc | ||||
| per 100 cells higher | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 0.003 | 1.09 (1.03, 1.16) | 0.004 |
| CD8 count, cells/mmc | ||||
| per 100 cells higher | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.208 | ||
| Viral load, log10 copies/mL | ||||
| per log copies/mL higher | 1.34 (1.22, 1.48) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.16, 1.71) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes vs. No | 1.04 (0.47, 2.29) | 0.928 | ||
| Smoking | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.89 (0.73, 1.08) | 0.233 | 1.25 (0.88, 1.78) | 0.219 |
| Unknown | 1.51 (1.24, 1.83) | <0.001 | 1.43 (0.84, 2.42) | 0.185 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
| per 10 mg/dL higher | 1.15 (0.93, 1.44) | 0.204 | ||
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
| per 100 mg/dL higher | 0.72 (0.31, 1.68) | 0.447 | ||
| Use of statins | ||||
| Yes vs. No | 1.04 (0.34, 3.18) | 0.949 | ||
| Use of blood pressure lowering drugs | ||||
| Yes vs. No | 0.75 (0.42, 1.37) | 0.354 | ||
| Blood glucose, mg/dL | ||||
| per 100 mg/dL higher | 0.44 (0.22, 0.85) | 0.015 | 0.69 (0.24, 1.99) | 0.490 |
| Site geographical position | ||||
| North | 1 | 1 | ||
| Center | 0.79 (0.66, 0.94) | 0.007 | 1.02 (0.71, 1.45) | 0.930 |
| South | 1.27 (0.93, 1.75) | 0.133 | 1.24 (0.66, 2.30) | 0.505 |
| Education | ||||
| University | 1 | |||
| Primary/Secondary school | 0.94 (0.73, 1.21) | 0.622 | ||
| College | 0.85 (0.67, 1.09) | 0.199 | ||
| Other/Unknown | 1.17 (0.91, 1.50) | 0.227 | ||
| Employment | ||||
| Unemployed | 1 | 1 | ||
| Employed | 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) | 0.286 | 0.71 (0.42, 1.19) | 0.197 |
| Self-employed | 0.74 (0.54, 1.00) | 0.047 | 0.82 (0.44, 1.54) | 0.543 |
| Occasional | 0.98 (0.59, 1.62) | 0.934 | 0.90 (0.37, 2.19) | 0.814 |
| Student | 2.03 (1.31, 3.15) | 0.002 | 0.89 (0.35, 2.27) | 0.815 |
| Retired/Invalid/Housewife | 0.66 (0.42, 1.03) | 0.068 | 1.00 (0.41, 2.42) | 0.995 |
| Other/unknown | 1.09 (0.79, 1.50) | 0.590 | 0.60 (0.28, 1.30) | 0.197 |
LEGEND: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis; OR: odds ratio– 95%CI, 95% confidence interval. IDUs, Intravenous Drug Users–cART, HIV combination antiretroviral therapy. Parameters included in the multivariable logistic regression model were calendar period of seroconversion, gender, mode of HIV transmission, age, HCV coinfection, AIDS diagnosis, CD4+ T-cells count and HIV-RNA (measured at enrolment), employment status, smoking, blood glucose and site geographical position.