Table 3. PE, |ΔRES|, and SD errors obtained from phantom measurements with different methods.
| Method | Target 1 PE | Target 2 PE | |ΔRES| | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| One-step GN | 20.88% | 23.63% | 16.90% | 64.40% |
| PDIPM | 7.76% | 3.93% | 14.46% | 49.40% |
| ANN (Training: no noise) |
3.05% | 8.79% | 6.86% | 16.31% |
| One-step GN + ANN (training: no noise) |
2.48% | 6.87% | 3.93% | 8.53% |
| ANN (training: noise) |
7.11% | 2.35% | 3.28% | 8.95% |
| One-step GN + ANN (training: noise) |
1.47% | 2.06% | 1.35% | 3.28% |
Corresponding images are shown in Fig 7. Top: the first (larger) target; bottom: the second (smaller) target.