Table 1. Study characteristics.
| Author (year) | Sample size (% female) | AgeMean± SD | Cigarettes Mean±SD | Depression assessment | Depression | Setting | Conditions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis (%) | Depressive Symptoms (mean) | |||||||
| Anthenelli et al. (2013) | 525 (62.7%) | 46.27±10.85 | 21.70±8.12 | MADRS SCID | - | 7.76 | Academic clinical trial centers and smoking cessation clinics | Varenicline vs Placebo (both with counseling) |
| Bernard et al. (2015) | 70 (58.6%) | 48.45±10.45 | 21.45±8.90 | HADS-D MINI | MDD (7.1%) | 10.45 | Montpellier University Hospital | Exercise and Counseling vs Health Education Control (both with NRT or Varenicline) |
| Catley et al. (2003) | 498 (60%) | 42.95±10.40 | 19.80±10.20 | SDS | - | 0.16 (35.5% probable depression) | Inner-city hospital | Culturally sensitive material (guide + video) vs Standard material (guide + video) (both with NRT) |
| Cinciripini et al. (2010) | 257 (100%) | 25.00±5.90 | 16.30±9.00 | CES-DSCID | MDD (23.3%) | 18.8 | Clinic | CBASP vs HW (both with counseling) |
| Evins et al. (2008) | 199 (49%) | 43.00±11.00 | 25.00±11.00 | HAM-D SCID | MDD (34.2%) | 10.6 | Hospital | Bupropion vs Placebo (both with CBT + NRT) |
| Hall et al. (2006) | 322 (69.6%) | 41.84±12.60 | 15.55±10.15 | PRIME-MD BDI-II | MDD (83.2%) MDD-R (52.2%) | 21.00 | Mental health outpatient clinics | Staged Care Intervention (NRT and bupropion under request) vs Brief Contact Control |
| Hayes et al. (2010) | 237 (53.6%) | 56.13±14.08 | 21.11±14.00 | CES-D | - | 21.21 | Home visits | Standard Care vs Motivational Enhancement |
| Japuntich et al. (2007) | 71a (64.8%) | 41.25±11.55 | 28.75±10.74 | PRIME-MD | MDD (100%) | - | Clinic | Motivational interviewing vs CBT (both with NRT and brief individual counselling) |
| Kinnunen et al. (2008) | 196a (56.1%) | 38.5±11.3 | 23.5±11.1 | CES-D | - | 24.7 | Harvard School of Dental Medicine | Nicotine gum (NRT) vs Placebo gum (both with brief behavioral counselling) |
| Minami et al. (2015) | 45a (48.9%) | 46.1±11.5 | - | CES-D SCID | - | 16.07 | Medical context | ST-Fluoxetine vs SEQ-Fluoxetine vs NRT (all with counseling + NRT) |
| Muñoz et al. (1997) | 136 (38.2%) | 35.3 | 14.1±8.2 | CES-DMV-DIS21 depression section | MDD (39.0%) | 21.3 | Self-help | Guide vs Guide + MM22 (both with two conditions: delayed and immediate) |
| Muñoz et al. (2006, study 3) | 280 (67.9%) | 38.4±10.8 | 20.3±9.7 | CES-D MDE screener | MDD (11.4%) | 16.2 | Internet based self-help | Guide+ ITEMs vs Guide + ITEMs + MM (both suggested using NRT) |
| Muñoz et al. (2006, study 4) | 288 (41.3%) | 35.0±9.5 | 22.8±10.2 | CES-DMDE screener | MDD (16.7%) | 15.9 | Internet based self-help | Guide + ITEMs vs Guide + ITEMs + MM (both suggested using NRT) |
| Muñoz et al. (2009) | 1,000 (45%) | 37.9±11.3 | 19.8±10.1 | CES-D MDE screener | MDD (12.9%) | 16.0 | Internet based self-help | Guide vs Guía+ITEMs vs Guide+ITEMs+MM vs Guide+ITEMS+MM+VG (both suggested using NRT) |
| Patten et al. (2017) | 30 (100%) | 37.5±10.5 | - | PHQ-9 | - | 11.7 | Clinic | Exercise vs Health Education (both with counselling and NRT) |
| Schnoll et al. (2010) | 55a (63.63%) | 51.67 | 17.52 | CES-D | - | - | Not described | Bupropion vs Placebo (both with counseling and NRT) |
| Thorsteinsson et al. (2001) | 38 (47.4%) | 46.26±9.6 | 28 | SCID HAM-D BDI | MDD (100%) | 18.1 20.9 | Not described | NRT vs Placebo (both with counseling) |
| van der Meer et al. (2010) | 485 (76.5%) | 43.75±10.05 | 21.60±9.30 | CES-D | - | 16.65 | Dutch national quitline | Mood Management intervention vs Control (both with counselling and may include NRT, bupropion or nortriptyline) |
| Vickers et al. (2009) | 60 (100%) | 41.35±11.95 | 20.8±7.55 | CES-D HAM-D | - | 31.1 14.1 | Clinic | Exercise counseling vs Health Education (both with counselling and NRT) |
| Ward et al. (2013) | 269 (21.55%) | 40±11.4 | 27.74±12.69 | CES-D | - | 18.04 | Primary care clinics | Nicotine patch vs Placebo (both with behavioral cessation counseling and brief telephone support) |
MADRS = Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders; HADS-D = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; MINI = Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MDD = Major depressive disorder; NRT = Nicotine Replacement Therapy; SDS = Short Depression Screen; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression; CBASP = Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy; HW: Health and Wellness Education; HAM-D = Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; CBT = Cognitive behavioral therapy; PRIME-MD = Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory; MDD-R = Recurrent major depressive disorder; ST-Fluoxetine = Standard fluoxetine treatment; SEQ-Fluoxetine = Sequential fluoxetine treatment, starting 8 weeks since pre-quit; MV-DIS depression section = Modified version of the depression section of the diagnostic interview schedule (DIS); MM = Mood Management; MDE screener = The major depressive episode screener; ITEMs = Individually timed educational messages; VG = Virtual group.
aOnly depressed smokers.