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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2017 Jan 24;1863(8):2041–2055. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.018

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Ubiquitin-mediated TAK1 and IKK complex activation. Hypoxia/reperfusion activates the ubiquitin E3 ligase TRAF6, and TNF/TNFR activates TRAF2 and 5. TRAF6 increases K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which associate with the TAB2 subunit of TAK1 kinase and activate TAK1 kinase. The K63-Ub chains also bind NEMO to recruit the IKK complex, thereby accelerating the phosphorylation of IKK Adapted, reprinted, and modified from Abe et al. [185] with permission from Circ Res, Jun 7, 2013, published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.