Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors affecting the recurrence of non-lepidic non-small cell lung cancer of 2 cm or less (Cox proportional hazard model)
| Variable | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | ||
| Age | 1.023 (0.987–1.060) | 0.208 |
| Male | 3.278 (1.406–7.642) | 0.006 |
| Current or former smoking | 2.395 (1.169–4.910) | 0.017 |
| CEA | 0.966 (0.799–1.169) | 0.705 |
| SUVmax | 1.165 (1.057–1.285) | 0.002 |
| FEV1 (%) | 1.006 (0.986–1.027) | 0.549 |
| DLCO (%) | 1.002 (0.982–1.022) | 0.873 |
| Central location | 1.742 (0.527–5.754) | 0.363 |
| VATS | 0.411 (0.197–0.860) | 0.018 |
| Sublobar resection | 0.911 (0.405–2.050) | 0.822 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 1.647 (0.390–6.957) | 0.497 |
| Tumor size | 2.660 (0.861–8.218) | 0.089 |
| Differentiation | 0.026 | |
| Well | 1 | |
| Moderate | 3.786 (1.299–11.032) | 0.015 |
| Poor | 5.371 (1.441–20.018) | 0.012 |
| No. of dissected lymph nodes | 0.960 (0.914–1.009) | 0.107 |
| Subtypes | 0.231 | |
| Acinar | 1 | |
| Papillary | 0.974 (0.281–3.380) | 0.967 |
| Micropapillary | 4.478 (0.588–34.082) | 0.148 |
| Solid | 2.897 (0.960–8.744) | 0.059 |
| Other | 1.586 (0.646–3.892) | 0.314 |
| Visceral pleural invasion | 1.085 (0.415–2.838) | 0.868 |
| Lymphatic invasion | 3.411 (1.661–7.005) | 0.001 |
| Vascular invasion | 1.500 (0.521–4.321) | 0.453 |
| Multivariate analysis | ||
| Male | 2.691 (0.918–7.885) | 0.071 |
| Current or former smoking | 0.953 (0.357–2.542) | 0.923 |
| SUVmax | 1.103 (0.964–1.263) | 0.154 |
| VATS | 0.154 (0.237–1.255) | 0.545 |
| Tumor size | 0.935 (0.250–3.501) | 0.921 |
| Differentiation | 0.831 | |
| Well | 1 | |
| Moderate | 1.220 (0.361–4.128) | 0.749 |
| Poor | 1.578 (0.346–7.192) | 0.556 |
| Lymphatic invasion | 2.671 (1.152–6.190) | 0.022 |
Continuous variables: age, CEA, SUVmax, FEV1 (%), DLCO (%), tumor size, number of dissected lymph nodes. Categorical variables: male sex, current or former smoking, central location, VATS, sublobar resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, differentiation, subtypes, visceral pleural invasion, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion.
CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.