Table 2.
Adjusted fertility rate ratios for all women aged 15–49
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FRR | 95% CI | FRR | 95% CI | |
| HIV status | ||||
| HIV negative | 1 | 1 | ||
| HIV positive | 0.70 | 0.63–0.78 | 0.62 | 0.53–0.73 |
| Effects of HIV by age | ||||
| 15–19, HIV positive | 1.92 | 1.59–2.32 | 2.39 | 1.86–3.08 |
| 20–24, HIV positive | 1.32 | 1.15–1.52 | 1.54 | 1.29–1.85 |
| 25–29, HIV positive | 1.14 | 0.99–1.30 | 1.31 | 1.08–1.59 |
| 30–34, HIV positive | 1 | 1 | ||
| 35–39, HIV positive | 0.76 | 0.63–0.92 | 0.80 | 0.62–1.04 |
| 40–44, HIV positive | 0.62 | 0.43–0.87 | 0.67 | 0.41–1.09 |
| 45–49, HIV positive | 0.41 | 0.18–0.95 | 0.10 | 0.01–0.94 |
| Effects of HIV by place of residence | ||||
| Urban, HIV positive | 1 | |||
| Rural, HIV positive | 1.18 | 1.02–1.36 | ||
| Effects of place of residence on age and HIV status interaction | ||||
| Rural, HIV positive, 15–19 | 0.71 | 0.56–0.89 | ||
| Rural, HIV positive, 20–24 | 0.77 | 0.65–0.92 | ||
| Rural, HIV positive, 25–29 | 0.78 | 0.65–0.92 | ||
| Rural, HIV positive, 30–34 | 1 | |||
| Rural, HIV positive, 35–39 | 0.91 | 0.71–1.16 | ||
| Rural, HIV positive, 40–44 | 0.91 | 0.57–1.44 | ||
| Rural, HIV positive, 45–49 | 4.71 | 0.60–36.8 | ||
| Effects of HIV by region | ||||
| Southern, HIV positive | 1.12 | 1.05–1.20 | ||
| Eastern, HIV positive | 1 | |||
| Western, HIV positive | 0.99 | 0.91–1.08 | ||
| Effects of HIV by ART coverage | ||||
| <20%, HIV positive | 1 | |||
| 20–49%, HIV positive | 1.05 | 0.98–1.11 | ||
| >50%, HIV positive | 1.09 | 1.01–1.18 | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 15–19 | 0.57 | 0.55–0.60 | 0.50 | 0.47–0.53 |
| 20–24 | 1.08 | 1.04–1.12 | 0.98 | 0.93–1.03 |
| 25–29 | 1.13 | 1.09–1.17 | 1.11 | 1.05–1.16 |
| 30–34 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 35–39 | 0.76 | 0.73–0.80 | 0.69 | 0.65–0.74 |
| 40–44 | 0.33 | 0.31–0.36 | 0.26 | 0.23–0.29 |
| 45–49 | 0.09 | 0.07–0.10 | 0.06 | 0.05–0.08 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 1 | |||
| Rural | 1.37 | 1.32–1.42 | ||
| Effects of age by place of residence | ||||
| Rural, 15–19 | 1.25 | 1.18–1.32 | ||
| Rural, 20–24 | 1.18 | 1.13–1.23 | ||
| Rural, 25–29 | 1.04 | 1.00–1.09 | ||
| Rural, 30–34 | 1 | |||
| Rural, 35–39 | 1.13 | 1.06–1.20 | ||
| Rural, 40–44 | 1.36 | 1.21–1.53 | ||
| Rural, 45–49 | 1.58 | 1.21–2.06 | ||
| Region | ||||
| Southern | 0.67 | 0.64–0.70 | ||
| Eastern | 1 | |||
| Western | 0.72 | 0.68–0.77 | ||
| ART coverage | ||||
| <20% | 1 | |||
| 20–49% | 0.96 | 0.93–1.00 | ||
| >50% | 0.77 | 0.73–0.82 | ||
Results from exponential regression of fertility rates as a function of HIV status, age controlling for country and calendar year. Also not shown is the additional interaction between years before the survey, HIV status and age group. Model 2 has an additional interaction between place of residence, age group and HIV status, region and HIV status, and ART coverage and HIV status.