Table 8.
Relation between digestive symptoms and smoking status among male adults.
| Digestive symptom | Non-smokers (%) | Current smokers (%) | Crude odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] | P value | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any symptom | 454 (29.4) | 1,294 (33.0) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 0.01 | 1.09 (0.95, 1.25) | 0.21 |
| Nausea | 97 (8.2) | 364 (12.2) | 1.56 (1.23, 1.97) | 0.0002 | 1.43 (1.12, 1.83) | 0.005 |
| Anorexia | 49 (4.3) | 153 (5.5) | 1.30 (0.93, 1.80) | 0.12 | 1.30 (0.92, 1.84) | 0.14 |
| Acid regurgitation | 171 (13.6) | 623 (19.2) | 1.51 (1.26, 1.81) | <0.0001 | 1.30 (1.08, 1.58) | 0.007 |
| Stomach cold | 101 (8.5) | 327 (11.1) | 1.34 (1.06, 1.70) | 0.01 | 1.18 (0.92, 1.51) | 0.18 |
aAdjusted for age, martial status, education, annual family income, and body mass index, as well as for social-environmental factors by multiple logistic regression models.