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. 2017 Dec 5;7:16983. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17289-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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IVD degeneration induced by tail disc percutaneous needle puncture. (a) 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent tail puncture and were killed at intervals for qPCR or image analysis. (b) Needle puncture methods: Method I, half puncture (Co 6-7); and Method II, full puncture (Co 7-8). (c) Expression of c-Fos in rat IVDs 24 h after needle puncture (n = 3). Error bars denote the mean ± SD. **P < 0.01 (Tukey–Kramer post hoc test. (d) Expression of Mmp-3, Mmp-13, Adamts-5 and Col2a1 mRNAs in rat IVDs 5 days after needle puncture (total n = 32; n = 16 for both vehicle and T-5224 groups). Error bars denote the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 Student t test).