Table 2.
Hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between childhood body size and different cancers in 65,057 women.
| Cancer Outcome | Body size | n | Crude | Adjusted for BMI | n‡ | Subset, adult BMI < 25 kg/m2, i.e. lean during adulthood | n§ | Subset, adult BMI < 25 kg/m2 and small/medium at 18, i.e. lean during adolescence and adulthood |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI)* | HR (95% CI)† | HR (95% CI)‡ | HR (95% CI)§ | |||||
| Breast | Small | 1573 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 862 | 1.00 (Reference) | 852 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medium | 942 | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.01) | 428 | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.05) | 399 | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.06) | |
| Large | 218 | 0.81 (0.70 to 0.93) | 0.79 (0.68 to 0.91) | 84 | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.92) | 51 | 0.65 (0.49 to 0.86) | |
| Trend | 2733 | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.97) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.96) | 1374 | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) | 1302 | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) | |
| Continuous | 2733 | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.99) | 0.95 (0.93 to 0.98) | 1374 | 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99) | 1302 | 0.94 (0.90 to 0.99) | |
| Breast | Small | 514 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 306 | 1.00 (Reference) | 302 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| (Premenopausal) | Medium | 325 | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.09) | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.10) | 154 | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.15) | 143 | 0.96 (0.78 to 1.17) |
| Large | 80 | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.07) | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.07) | 35 | 0.89 (0.63 to 1.27) | 23 | 0.84 (0.55 to 1.29) | |
| Trend | 919 | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.03) | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.03) | 495 | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.09) | 468 | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.10) | |
| Continuous | 919 | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.00) | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.00) | 495 | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | 468 | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.03) | |
| Breast | Small | 1044 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 545 | 1.00 (Reference) | 539 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| (Postmenopausal) | Medium | 608 | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.04) | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.02) | 269 | 0.93 (0.80 to 1.08) | 251 | 0.94 (0.81 to 1.10) |
| Large | 138 | 0.80 (0.67 to 0.96) | 0.78 (0.65 to 0.93) | 49 | 0.66 (0.50 to 0.89) | 28 | 0.55 (0.38 to 0.81) | |
| Trend | 1790 | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.98) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) | 863 | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.97) | 818 | 0.85 (0.76 to 0.96) | |
| Continuous | 1790 | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.96 (0.92 to 0.99) | 863 | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.00) | 818 | 0.94 (0.89 to 1.00) | |
| Cervical | Small | 130 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 78 | 1.00 (Reference) | 78 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medium | 68 | 0.79 (0.59 to 1.06) | 0.80 (0.59 to 1.07) | 31 | 0.74 (0.49 to 1.12) | 30 | 0.77 (0.51 to 1.17) | |
| Large | 24 | 1.03 (0.66 to 1.58) | 1.03 (0.66 to 1.60) | 15 | 1.49 (0.85 to 2.58) | 8 | 1.13 (0.55 to 2.35) | |
| Trend | 222 | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.14) | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.14) | 124 | 1.04 (0.79 to 1.36) | 116 | 0.91 (0.67 to 1.25) | |
| Continuous | 222 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.06) | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.06) | 124 | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.14) | 116 | 0.93 (0.79 to 1.08) | |
| Uterine | Small | 151 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 70 | 1.00 (Reference) | 67 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medium | 89 | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.22) | 0.87 (0.67 to 1.13) | 30 | 0.80 (0.52 to 1.22) | 23 | 0.68 (0.42 to 1.09) | |
| Large | 19 | 0.76 (0.47 to 1.22) | 0.66 (0.41 to 1.06) | 6 | 0.63 (0.27 to 1.44) | 3 | 0.47 (0.15 to 1.49) | |
| Trend | 259 | 0.90 (0.74 to 1.09) | 0.83 (0.69 to 1.01) | 106 | 0.79 (0.58 to 1.09) | 93 | 0.68 (0.46 to 1.00) | |
| Continuous | 259 | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.07) | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.03) | 106 | 0.93 (0.80 to 1.08) | 93 | 0.86 (0.72 to 1.03) | |
| Melanoma | Small | 301 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 186 | 1.00 (Reference) | 182 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medium | 184 | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) | 0.95 (0.79 to 1.14) | 93 | 0.93 (0.73 to 1.20) | 84 | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.20) | |
| Large | 66 | 1.25 (0.95 to 1.63) | 1.26 (0.96 to 1.65) | 24 | 0.99 (0.64 to 1.51) | 18 | 1.08 (0.67 to 1.76) | |
| Trend | 551 | 1.06 (0.93 to 1.20) | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.21) | 303 | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.16) | 284 | 0.98 (0.81 to 1.19) | |
| Continuous | 551 | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.09) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.09) | 303 | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.07) | 284 | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.09) | |
| Colon | Small | 125 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 67 | 1.00 (Reference) | 66 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medium | 83 | 1.06 (0.80 to 1.39) | 1.06 (0.80 to 1.40) | 40 | 1.12 (0.76 to 1.66) | 36 | 1.10 (0.74 to 1.66) | |
| Large | 27 | 1.28 (0.85 to 1.94) | 1.28 (0.84 to 1.95) | 15 | 1.69 (0.97 to 2.97) | 9 | 1.49 (0.74 to 2.98) | |
| Trend | 235 | 1.11 (0.92 to 1.34) | 1.11 (0.92 to 1.34) | 122 | 1.24 (0.96 to 1.61) | 111 | 1.17 (0.87 to 1.57) | |
| Continuous | 235 | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.15) | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.15) | 122 | 1.12 (0.99 to 1.28) | 111 | 1.11 (0.96 to 1.28) |
Statistically significant associations (P < 0.05) are presented in bold. *Stratified by year of birth (1950, 1951–1960, 1961 and later). †Stratified by year of birth and adjusted for body mass index (BMI, kg/m2, continuous) at questionnaire. ‡Subset of women with adult BMI less than 25 kg/m2, stratified by year of birth. §Subset of women with adult BMI less than 25 kg/m and either small or medium body size at age 18, stratified by year of birth.